Advent Calendar 2021

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The gift is presented by Flavio Poletti. Today he is talking about his solution to “The Weekly Challenge - 100”. This is re-produced for Advent Calendar 2021 from the original post by Flavio Poletti.

Task #2: Triangle Sum

You are given triangle array.

Write a script to find the minimum path sum from top to bottom. When you are on index i on the current row then you may move to either index i or index i + 1 on the next row.

The questions

I can definitely hear Mohammad S Anwar muttering to himself about that objectively annoying polettix insisting on having a more specific example for the input of this challenge. Because… it’s nice to see this:

    Input: Triangle = [ [1], [2,4], [6,4,9], [5,1,7,2] ]

A-ha! I will assume that there’s no parsing involved then, and that the representation is already in easy-to-use Perl arrays of arrays. Thanks!

Reading through the Perl Weekly Review #097 by Colin Crain I got to understand how much stuff I give for granted when I read these challenges. For example, the fact that the the minimum number of changes in the binary substrings might land on none of the actual sub-sequences was an epiphany!

So I wonder… what might I be missing here?!?.

I hope nothing.

The solution

I know, I know.

I said: no parsing, yay!

Alas, I like to have programs around the functions that solve these challenges, which usually means messing up with the command line. So let’s take this away first:

sub triangularize (@list) {
   my @retval;
   my $n = 1;
   while (@list) {
      die "invalid number of elements\n" unless @list >= $n;
      push @retval, [splice @list, 0, $n];
      ++$n;
   }
   return \@retval;
}

This takes a flat list of items and groups them in the right way for the puzzle, producing an array of arrays as output.

OK, back on the main track, let’s see my solution to this challenge:

sub triangle_sum ($tri) {
   my @s = $tri->[0][0];
   my $i = 1;
   while ($i <= $tri->$#*) {
      my $l = $tri->[$i];
      my @ns = $s[0] + $l->[0];
      push @ns, $l->[$_] + ($s[$_ - 1] < $s[$_] ? $s[$_ - 1] : $s[$_])
         for 1 .. $l->$#* - 1;
      push @ns, $s[-1] + $l->[-1];
      @s = @ns;
      ++$i;
   }
   return min(@s);
}

We keep an array @s of the best sums so far that landed us on a specific spot. This starts with the very first line in our triangle, which contains only one single item ($tri->[0][0]).

For each following line, we calculate the next sums in @ns. There are three cases:

* the left-most item can only come from the left-most item in the previous line;
* the right-most item can only come from the right-most item in the previous line;
* all other items (if any) can come from two possible previous line’s items.
* For this reason, calculating the two external elements in @ns is straightforward, while for the middle ones we have to understand what is the best previous item, which in this case means which of these previous items is the lower one.

When we’re done calculating the next sums in @ns, we can update @s and move on.

When we’re done with the last line, we just have to calculate the minimum of all the possible sums up to the last line and we’re done!

Here is the whole program, for the masochists:

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use 5.024;
use warnings;
use experimental qw< postderef signatures >;
no warnings qw< experimental::postderef experimental::signatures >;
use List::Util 'min';

sub triangle_sum ($tri) {
   my @s = $tri->[0][0];
   my $i = 1;
   while ($i <= $tri->$#*) {
      my $l = $tri->[$i];
      my @ns = $s[0] + $l->[0];
      push @ns, $l->[$_] + ($s[$_ - 1] < $s[$_] ? $s[$_ - 1] : $s[$_])
         for 1 .. $l->$#* - 1;
      push @ns, $s[-1] + $l->[-1];
      @s = @ns;
      ++$i;
   }
   return min(@s);
}

sub triangularize (@list) {
   my @retval;
   my $n = 1;
   while (@list) {
      die "invalid number of elements\n" unless @list >= $n;
      push @retval, [splice @list, 0, $n];
      ++$n;
   }
   return \@retval;
}

my @list = @ARGV ? @ARGV : qw< 1 2 4 6 4 9 5 1 7 2 >;
say triangle_sum(triangularize(@list));

Stay safe folks!

If you have any suggestion then please do share with us perlweeklychallenge@yahoo.com.

Advent Calendar 2021