I noticed now a days, I go for solution with unit test. I will give the credit to fellow Team PWC member, E. Choroba. It feels great when you see the test pass at the end. Well the solution looks little different than just standalone solution. For that reason, I decided to do both for Raku solutions. Also this allowed me to explore unit testing in Raku.
PERL
Task #1: Rotate Matrix
Lets start with Perl solution for the task Rotate Matrix. For this, I used straight forward for loop to move around numbers.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Test::More;
use Test::Deep;
my $unit_tests = {
90 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 7, 4, 1 ], [ 8, 5, 2 ], [ 9, 6, 3 ] ],
},
180 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 9, 8, 7 ], [ 6, 5, 4 ], [ 3, 2, 1 ] ],
},
270 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 3, 6, 9 ], [ 2, 5, 8 ], [ 1, 4, 7 ] ],
},
};
foreach my $degree (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$unit_tests) {
my $in = $unit_tests->{$degree}->{in};
my $out = $unit_tests->{$degree}->{out};
cmp_deeply(rotate_matrix($in, $degree), $out, "rotation by $degree.");
}
done_testing;
sub rotate_matrix {
my ($matrix, $degree) = @_;
foreach my $i ( 1 .. int($degree/90) ) {
my $rows = @$matrix;
my $cols = @{$matrix->[0]};
my $_matrix = [];
foreach my $i ( 0 .. $rows-1 ) {
my $k = 2;
foreach my $j ( 0 .. $cols-1 ) {
$_matrix->[$i][$j] = $matrix->[$k][$i];
$k--;
}
}
$matrix = $_matrix;
}
return $matrix;
}
Task #2: Vowel String
For this task, I just did standalone solution. The best part of the solution is the use of CPAN module Algorithm::Combinatorics. The module did most of the work for me. The only thing left for me to do is apply the rule and print the string that passes the test.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Algorithm::Combinatorics qw(variations_with_repetition);
my $count = $ARGV[0] // 2;
die "ERROR: Invalid count $count.\n"
unless (($count >= 1) && ($count <= 5));
my $chars = [qw(a e i o u)];
if ($count == 1) {
print join "\n", @$chars;
print "\n";
exit;
}
my $iter = variations_with_repetition($chars, $count);
my $char_sets = [];
while (my $char = $iter->next) {
push @$char_sets, join "", @$char;
}
my $rules = [
qr/a(?=[ie])/,
qr/e(?=[i])/,
qr/i(?=[aeou])/,
qr/o(?=[au])/,
qr/u(?=[oe])/
];
foreach my $char_set (@$char_sets) {
my $pass = 0;
foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
if ($char_set =~ /$rule/) {
$pass = 1;
}
}
print "$char_set\n" if ($pass);
}
RAKU
Task #1: Rotate Matrix
When it comes to talk about Raku solutions, I have plenty to share. Just to make this clear, I have only recently started doing Raku after waiting for a long time. At first, I would simply give a touch of Raku flavour to my Perl solutions. Having done this for few weeks now, I try to get as much magical bits as possible to the best of my knowledge. The end result may not be the best in the market but it still gives me sense of achievements. I don’t want to take all the credits as I always find lots of Raku experts readily available on Twitter to answer my stupid questions.
Let me share the Raku magic I learnt this week. I was looking for new way to checking the parameter and found this magic.
die "ERROR: Invalid rotation degree $rotate-by."
unless $rotate-by ~~ any (90, 180, 270);
For Non-Raku reader, what it says the parameter $rotate-by must be any one in the given list. It may be overkill but I don’t care at this point in time. I am sure there must plenty of ways to deal with it.
I noticed big change from Perl when I came across this line:
for 1 .. $rotate-by/90 {
My Perl brain was telling me that I had to do int($rotate-by/90) but surprising Raku didn’t need it. Why? I don’t know at this point.
Another bit that surprised me, how you get the size of $matrix like below:
my $matrix = [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ];
my $rows = $matrix.elems;
my $cols = $matrix.[0].elems;
$matrix.elems wasn’t much of a surprise but this one $matrix.[0].elems was an eye opener for me. For non-Raku brain, what it means, pick the first element of $matrix and return the size.
Everything else is just simply Raku and nothing new to me anymore except the dd. It is like Data::Dumper for Raku. The best part is you don’t have to import anything just use it. Raku rocks.
#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use v6.c;
sub MAIN(Int $rotate-by = 90) {
die "ERROR: Invalid rotation degree $rotate-by."
unless $rotate-by ~~ any (90, 180, 270);
my $matrix = [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ];
for 1 .. $rotate-by/90 {
my $rows = $matrix.elems;
my $cols = $matrix.[0].elems;
my $_matrix;
for 0 .. $rows-1 -> $i {
my $k = 2;
for 0 .. $cols-1 -> $j {
$_matrix.[$i][$j] = $matrix.[$k][$i];
$k--;
}
}
$matrix = $_matrix;
}
dd $matrix;
}
Having just completed the standalone app, I wanted to do unit test in Raku so that I can learn new stuff. You would be pleasantly suprise how cool is unit testing in Raku. Just import Test class and end with done-testing. Does it ring the bell? It did for me, being native Perl developer. Even better when it comes to comparing data structure, you already have is-deeply without any additional import. One more time, Raku rocks.
Please check out documentation for more informations.
I would like to point a very important bit, do you see anything unusual in the line below?
my $unit-tests = :{
There is ":" before the "{".
So what is the use?
I found out by default, hash key in Raku are always treated as String.
So if you have anything non-String, then add ":" before the start curly brace "{".
I hope I remember this nex time.
#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use Test;
my $unit-tests = :{
90 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 7, 4, 1 ], [ 8, 5, 2 ], [ 9, 6, 3 ] ],
},
180 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 9, 8, 7 ], [ 6, 5, 4 ], [ 3, 2, 1 ] ],
},
270 => {
in => [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ],
out => [ [ 3, 6, 9 ], [ 2, 5, 8 ], [ 1, 4, 7 ] ],
},
};
for $unit-tests.keys.sort -> $degree {
my $in = $unit-tests{$degree}<in>;
my $out = $unit-tests{$degree}<out>;
is-deeply(rotate-matrix($in, $degree), $out, "rotation by $degree.");
}
done-testing;
sub rotate-matrix(Array $matrix is copy, Int $rotate-by = 90) {
die "ERROR: Invalid rotation degree $rotate-by."
unless $rotate-by ~~ any (90, 180, 270);
for 1 .. $rotate-by/90 {
my $rows = $matrix.elems;
my $cols = $matrix.[0].elems;
my $_matrix;
for 0 .. $rows-1 -> $i {
my $k = 2;
for 0 .. $cols-1 -> $j {
$_matrix.[$i][$j] = $matrix.[$k][$i];
$k--;
}
}
$matrix = $_matrix;
}
return $matrix;
}
Task #2: Vowel String
It is time move on to another task of the week i.e. Vowel String. If you remember, I used CPAN module Algorithm::Combinatorics to give the all possible combinations. Since we are talking Raku, it has to beat that and it did. How?
my @char-sets = @chars.combinations: $count;
Did you notice, you don’t need external module, it is all there.
The best part of the solution is the line below, I struggled a lot to get there. The end result is simply beautiful.
my @comb-sets = @char-sets.map({ .join });
So what does it do? To keep it short and simple:
It takes this:
[ [ "a", "b" ], ["c", "d"] ]
and returns this:
[ "ab", "cd" ]
Isn’t it cool?
For more information, please check out the documentation.
Another suprise for me this time, it was Raku regex. I had something like qr/a[ie]/ which Raku didn’t like it. But the kind error told me what to use instead. Isn’t great? So you use rx instead. I must make this crystal clear when dealing with [] in regex, always use it like <[]> like below:
my @rules = (
rx/ a<[ie]> /,
rx/ e<[i]> /,
rx/ i<[aeou]> /,
rx/ o<[au]> /,
rx/ u<[oe]> /,
);
If you want to learn more about regex, please check out documentation.
Last but not the least, for the first time, I used True and False instead of number 0 and 1. Long live Raku.
Rest of the code are just the usual Raku statements.
#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use v6.c;
sub MAIN(Int $count = 2) {
die "ERROR: Invalid count $count.\n"
unless $count ~~ any (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
my @chars = <a e i o u>;
if $count == 1 {
say @chars.join("\n");
exit;
}
my @char-sets = @chars.combinations: $count;
my @comb-sets = @char-sets.map({ .join });
my @rules = (
rx/ a<[ie]> /,
rx/ e<[i]> /,
rx/ i<[aeou]> /,
rx/ o<[au]> /,
rx/ u<[oe]> /,
);
for @comb-sets -> $str {
my $pass = False;
for @rules -> $rule {
if $str ~~ /$rule/ {
$pass = True;
}
}
say $str if $pass;
}
}
It is time to convert the above standalone solution to unit test. With the knowledge I just gained it was piece of cake for me.
#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use Test;
my $unit-tests = :{
1 => ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"],
2 => ["ae", "ai", "ei", "io", "iu", "ou"],
3 => ["aei", "aeo", "aeu", "aio", "aiu", "aou", "eio", "eiu", "eou", "iou"],
4 => ["aeio", "aeiu", "aeou", "aiou", "eiou"],
5 => ["aeiou"]
};
for $unit-tests.keys.sort -> $size {
is-deeply(vowel-strings($size), $unit-tests{$size}, "vowel strings size $size.");
}
done-testing;
sub vowel-strings(Int $size = 2) {
die "ERROR: Invalid size $size.\n"
unless $size ~~ any (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
my @chars = <a e i o u>;
return @chars if $size == 1;
my @char-sets = @chars.combinations: $size;
my @comb-sets = @char-sets.map({ .join });
my @rules = (
rx/ a<[ie]> /,
rx/ e<[i]> /,
rx/ i<[aeou]> /,
rx/ o<[au]> /,
rx/ u<[oe]> /,
);
my @vowel-strings = ();
for @comb-sets -> $str {
my $pass = False;
for @rules -> $rule {
if $str ~~ /$rule/ {
$pass = True;
}
}
@vowel-strings.push($str) if $pass;
}
return @vowel-strings;
}
That’s it for this week. Speak to you soon.